sistemas de inteligencia artificial arrojan luz sobre la causa raíz del conflicto religioso: La humanidad no es naturalmente violenta

The study is built around the question of whether people are naturally violent, or if factors such as religion can cause xenophobic tension and anxiety between different groups, that may or may not lead to violence?

The findings reveal that people are a peaceful species by nature. sin embargo, in a wide range of contexts they are willing to endorse violence — sobre todo cuando los demás van en contra de las creencias fundamentales que definen su identidad.

Aunque la investigación se centra en los acontecimientos históricos específicos, los resultados se pueden aplicar a cualquier ocurrencia de la violencia religiosa, y se utiliza para entender las motivaciones detrás de él. En particular los acontecimientos del Islam radicalizado, cuando la identidad patriótica de la gente entra en conflicto con sus religiones uno, por ejemplo. los ataques terroristas con bombas de Boston y Londres. The team hope that the results can be used to support governments to address and prevent social conflict and terrorism.

Conducted by a cohort of researchers from universities including Oxford, Boston University and the University of Agder, Noruega, the paper does not explicitly simulate violence, pero, instead focuses on the conditions that enabled two specific periods of xenophobic social anxiety, that then escalated to extreme physical violence.

The conflict commonly referred to as the Northern Ireland Troubles is regarded as one of the most violent periods in Irish history. The conflict, involving the British army and various Republican and Loyalist paramilitary groups, spanned three decades, claimed the lives of approximately 3,500 people and saw a further 47,000 herido.

Although a much shorter period of tension, la 2002 Gujurat riots of India were equally devastating. The three-day period of inter-communal violence between the Hindu and Muslim communities in the western Indian state of Gujarat, began when a Sabarmarti Express train filled with Hindu pilgrims, stopped in the, predominantly Muslim town of Godhra, and ended with the deaths of more than 2,000 gente.

Of the study’s use of psychologically realistic AI, Justin said: ‘99% of the general public are most familiar with AI that uses machine learning to automate human tasks like — classifying something, such as tweets to be positive or negative etc., but our study uses something called multi-agent AI to create a psychologically realistic model of a human, por ejemplo — how do they think, and particularly how do we identify with groups? Why would someone identify as Christian, Jewish or Muslim etc. Essentially how do our personal beliefs align with how a group defines itself?’

To create these psychologically realistic AI agents, the team use theories in cognitive psychology to mimic how a human being would naturally think and process information. This is not a new or radical approach — but it is the first time it has been applied physically in research. There is an entire body of theoretical literature that compares the human mind to a computer programme — but no one has taken this information and physically programmed it into a computer, it has just been an analogy. El equipo de programar estas reglas para la interacción cognitiva dentro de su programa de IA, para mostrar cómo las creencias de una persona coinciden con una situación de grupo.

Ellos hicieron esto mirando cómo los seres humanos procesan la información en contra de sus propias experiencias personales. Combinando algunos modelos AI (las personas que imitan) que han tenido experiencias positivas con personas de otros credos, y otros que han tenido encuentros negativos o neutros. Lo hicieron para estudiar la escalada y desescalada de la violencia a través del tiempo, y cómo se puede, or cannot be managed.

To represent everyday society and how people of different faiths interact in the real world, they created a simulated environment and populated it with hundreds — or thousands (or millions), of the human model agents. The only difference being that these ‘people’ all have slightly different variables — años, ethnicity etc.

The simulated environments themselves have a basic design. Individuals have a space that they exist in, but within this space there is a certain probability that they will interact with environmental hazards, such as natural disasters and disease etc. and at some point, each other.

The findings revealed that the most common conditions that enable long periods of mutually escalating xenophobic tension occur when social hazards, such as outgroup members who deny the group’s core beliefs or sacred values, overwhelm people to the point that they can no longer deal with them. It is only when people’s core belief systems are challenged, or they feel that their commitment to their own beliefs is questioned, that anxiety and agitations occur. sin embargo, this anxiety only led to violence in 20% of the scenarios created — all of which were triggered by people from either outside of the group, o dentro de, going against the group’s core beliefs and identity.

Some religions have a tendency to encourage extreme displays of devotion to a chosen faith, and this can then take the form of violence against a group or individual of another faith, or someone who has broken away from the group.’

While other research has tried to use traditional AI and machine learning approaches to understand religious violence, they have delivered mixed results and issues regarding biases against minority communities in machine learning also raise ethical issues. The paper marks the first time that multi-agent AI has been used to tackle this question and create psychologically realistic computer models.

Justin said: ‘Ultimately, to use AI to study religion or culture, we have to look at modelling human psychology because our psychology is the foundation for religion and culture, so the root causes of things like religious violence rest in how our minds process the information that our world presents it.’

Understanding the root cause of religious violence allows people to use the model to both contain and minimise these conflicts, as well as increase them. sin embargo, used effectively, this research can be a positive tool that supports stable societies and community integration.

Off the back of this project the team have recently secured funding for a new two-year project, at the Center for Modeling Social Systems in Kristiansand, Noruega, que estudia los cambios demográficos relacionados con la inmigración y la integración en Europa, como los romaníes en Eslovaquia, y el reasentamiento de los refugiados sirios en Lesbos a Noruega, con el fin de ayudar al gobierno noruego para optimizar el proceso de integración.

Fuente: www.cienciadaily.com, Universidad de Oxford