Системы искусственного интеллекта проливают свет на первопричину религиозного конфликта: Человечество не склонно к насилию по своей природе

Исследование строятся вокруг вопроса о том, люди, естественно, насильственных, или если такие факторы, как религия могут вызвать ксенофобную напряженность и тревожность между различными группами, что может или не может привести к насилию?

Полученные данные показывают, что люди мирных видов по своей природе. тем не мение, в широком диапазоне контекстов они готовы поддержать насилие — particularly when others go against the core beliefs which define their identity.

Although the research focuses on specific historic events, the findings can be applied to any occurrence of religious violence, and used to understand the motivations behind it. Particularly events of radicalised Islam, when people’s patriotic identity conflicts with their religions one, например. the Boston bombing and London terror attacks. Команда надеется, что полученные результаты могут быть использованы для поддержки правительства для решения и предотвращения социальных конфликтов и терроризма.

Проводы когорты исследователей из университетов, включая Оксфорд, Бостонский университет и Университет Агдера, Норвегия, бумага не явно имитировать насилие, но, вместо этого фокусируется на условиях, которые позволили два конкретных периодов ксенофобской социальной тревожности, что затем перерос в крайнее физическое насилие.

The conflict commonly referred to as the Northern Ireland Troubles is regarded as one of the most violent periods in Irish history. The conflict, involving the British army and various Republican and Loyalist paramilitary groups, spanned three decades, claimed the lives of approximately 3,500 people and saw a further 47,000 пострадавший.

Although a much shorter period of tension, the 2002 Gujurat riots of India were equally devastating. Три-дневный период межобщинного насилия между общинами индуистской и мусульманской в ​​западном индийском штате Гуджарат, началась, когда поезд Sabarmarti Экспресс заполнены индуистских паломников, остановился в, преимущественно мусульманский город Годхра, и закончился гибелью более 2,000 люди.

Из использования в исследовании психологически реалистической А.И., Джастин сказал: '99% широкой общественности наиболее знакомы с ИИ, который использует машинного обучения для автоматизации человеческих задач, таких как — классифицируя что-то, such as tweets to be positive or negative etc., but our study uses something called multi-agent AI to create a psychologically realistic model of a human, например — how do they think, and particularly how do we identify with groups? Why would someone identify as Christian, Jewish or Muslim etc. Essentially how do our personal beliefs align with how a group defines itself?’

To create these psychologically realistic AI agents, the team use theories in cognitive psychology to mimic how a human being would naturally think and process information. This is not a new or radical approach — but it is the first time it has been applied physically in research. There is an entire body of theoretical literature that compares the human mind to a computer programme — but no one has taken this information and physically programmed it into a computer, it has just been an analogy. The team programmed these rules for cognitive interaction within their AI programme, to show how an individual’s beliefs match up with a group situation.

They did this by looking at how humans process information against their own personal experiences. Combining some AI models (mimicking people) that have had positive experiences with people from other faiths, and others that have had negative or neutral encounters. They did this to study the escalation and de-escalation of violence over time, and how it can, or cannot be managed.

To represent everyday society and how people of different faiths interact in the real world, they created a simulated environment and populated it with hundreds — or thousands (or millions), of the human model agents. The only difference being that these ‘people’ all have slightly different variables — возраст, ethnicity etc.

The simulated environments themselves have a basic design. Individuals have a space that they exist in, but within this space there is a certain probability that they will interact with environmental hazards, such as natural disasters and disease etc. and at some point, each other.

The findings revealed that the most common conditions that enable long periods of mutually escalating xenophobic tension occur when social hazards, such as outgroup members who deny the group’s core beliefs or sacred values, overwhelm people to the point that they can no longer deal with them. It is only when people’s core belief systems are challenged, or they feel that their commitment to their own beliefs is questioned, that anxiety and agitations occur. тем не мение, this anxiety only led to violence in 20% of the scenarios created — all of which were triggered by people from either outside of the group, или в пределах, going against the group’s core beliefs and identity.

Some religions have a tendency to encourage extreme displays of devotion to a chosen faith, и это может затем принять форму насилия в отношении группы или отдельного лица другой веры, или кто-то, кто откололся от группы.’

В то время как другие исследования пытались использовать традиционные AI и машинного обучения подходы понимать религиозное насилие, они поставили неоднозначные результаты и вопросы, касающиеся предубеждения в отношении меньшинств в машинном обучении также поднимают этические вопросы. The paper marks the first time that multi-agent AI has been used to tackle this question and create psychologically realistic computer models.

Джастин сказал: ‘Ultimately, to use AI to study religion or culture, we have to look at modelling human psychology because our psychology is the foundation for religion and culture, so the root causes of things like religious violence rest in how our minds process the information that our world presents it.’

Understanding the root cause of religious violence allows people to use the model to both contain and minimise these conflicts, as well as increase them. тем не мение, used effectively, this research can be a positive tool that supports stable societies and community integration.

Off the back of this project the team have recently secured funding for a new two-year project, at the Center for Modeling Social Systems in Kristiansand, Norway that studies demographic shifts related to immigration and integration in Europe such as the Roma in Slovakia, and the resettlement of Syrian refugees in Lesbos to Norway, in order to help the Norwegian government to optimise the integration process.

Источник: www.sciencedaily.com, Оксфордский университет